The Heart Of Heart Failure - 1167 Words

â€Å"In the United States alone, 5.8 million Americans have been diagnosed with heart failure† (Mancini Colombo, 2015, p. 2542). Heart failure is a condition where the heart does not pump as efficiently; therefore, it does not meet the needs of the body. There is a growing number of heart failure patients each year. â€Å"More than 300,000 deaths per year are attributed to heart failure, and the annual cost to manage these patients is close to $40 billion† (Mancini Colombo, 2015, p. 2542). Since the heart failure population is steadily growing in size the progress of therapies and management is continuing to evolve. The greatest improvements have been surgery related. The two major surgical approaches involve heart transplants or receiving a ventricular assist device (Mancini Colombo, 2015). There are much discussion in regardless to receiving a heart transplant versus a ventricular assist device, destination therapy, as well as future advances in ventricular assist devices. Heart Transplant versus LVAD There are many considerations when it comes to determining whether an individual should receive a heart transplant or a ventricular assist device. For instance, there are different stages of heart failure. The New York Heart Association classifies heart failure into four distinctive groups (Class I, Class II, Class III, and Class IV) (Jarvik Heart, Inc., 2008, para.2). Class I and Class II patients only experience symptoms with some sort of physical activity,Show MoreRelatedHeart Failures Of Heart Failure782 Words   |  4 Pages Heart failure describes a medical condition when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to the body [85]. While heart failure does not mean the immediate stopping of the heart, it is a serious and fatal condition. A study has found that the 4-year mortality rate for chronic heart failure was 43% for patients with preserved systolic function, and 54% for patients with reduced systolic function [86]. Heart failure is prev alent, with about 2-3% of adults worldwide showing signs of heart failureRead MoreThe Heart Of Heart Failure995 Words   |  4 PagesResearch by the American Heart Association (2014) states that heart failure effects an estimated 5.1 million Americans and it is predicted to increase 25% by 2030. Heart failure is a pathophysiological condition that indicates the heart is unable to promote enough cardiac output causing insufficient blood supply to the body. Pharmacological treatment for cardiac failure is dependent upon the ability to decrease rate of blood flow and blood pressure. Survival after heart failure diagnosis has improvedRead MoreThe Heart Of Heart Failure1503 Words   |  7 PagesHeart failure is a chronic, progressive condition in which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood through to meet the body s needs for blood and oxygen. Basically, the heart can t keep up with its workload. American Heart Association Statistics (2016) reveals that heart failure accoun ts for 36% of cardiovascular disease deaths. Projections report a 46% increase in the prevalence of Heart Failure (HF) by 2030 by affecting over 8 million people above 18 years with the disease. Healthy PeopleRead MoreThe Failure Of Heart Failure1517 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT Heart failure is one of the leading causes of mortality, both globally and in New Zealand. It is defined as the inability of the heart to meet the bodies metabolic need for oxygen and is characterised by a decrease in cardiac output. The body has many intrinsic mechanisms to attempt to maintain cardiac output, including activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The RAAS cascade acts to restore cardiac output by increasing fluid retention, thus increasing blood volume andRead MoreThe Failure Of Heart Failure999 Words   |  4 Pagesprocess is the heart, which by using the cardiovascular system supplies every other system throughout the body with the oxygen and nutrients by pumping them throughout the blood. When the demand is not met or the supply is too great it can be considered heart failure. Understandably heart failure is a worrisome term. To think one of your most vital organs is failing and unable to provide what is needed for basic survival is terrifying. However; there are many stages of heart failure that can rangeRead MoreThe Failure Of Heart Failure2760 Words   |  12 PagesCongestive heart failure, also called heart failure or CHF, is one of the fastest-growing syndromes in the United States and worldwide. It is a condition with high hospitalization and high mortality rates as well as a compound medical regimen that significantly affects the patient’s lifestyle and that of their family. The term alone, â€Å"heart failure†, is enough to scare the bravest client and cause the rise of numberless concerns and questions. Patients may worry and exclaim, â€Å"Did my heart stop workingRead MoreHeart Failure2128 Words   |  9 PagesNurse Driven Education for A Patient Diagnosed With Chronic Systolic Heart Failure Refusing Diagnostic and Interventiona l Procedures Heather Horsley Wilkes University School of Nursing Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a chronic progressive disease, arising from structural or functional disorders of the heart, in which incidence increases with age. This review attempts to describe the types and causes of HF while focusing on variable aspects of patient education that have a positive effect onRead MoreFailure Of Congestive Heart Failure1262 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Almost every one in the United States knows a person suffering from congestive heart failure. This disease has manifested its way into the lives of so many—the statistics are astounding. According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, nearly 5 million people are affected and it is the main reason for hospital admission in older adults over the age of 65. This is a great cause for concern. In order to reduce the morbidity and control this epidemic, we must first understandRead MoreHeart Failure : A Progressive Heart Disease2263 Words   |  10 PagesHeart Failure is a progressive heart disease when the muscle of the heart is weakened so that it cannot pump blood as it should; the blood backs up into the blood vessels around the lungs and the other parts of the body (NHS Choice, 2015). In heart failure, the heart is not able to maintain a normal range cardiac output to meet the metabolic needs of the body (Kemp and Conte, 2012). Heart failure is a major worldwide pu blic health problem, it is the end stage of heart disease and it could lead toRead MoreFailure Of Congestive Heart Failure1149 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Congestive Heart Failure is the Inability of the heart to maintain the demands of pumping blood with normal efficiency to other organs, such as the brain, liver, and kidneys (Congestive heart failure, 2008). Without the heart carrying out its functions, all the organs in the body would be deprived of sufficient blood to do its work, the kidney will no longer filter its blood leading to fluid accumulation in areas such as the lungs, liver, legs, and surrounding eye, when this

The Theory Of Moral Sentiments And The Wealth Of Nations

How Adam smith can change your life, at the beginning the author gives you a history of Adam smith and all that he has done. From his books: The theory of moral sentiments and the wealth of nations. How can someone from two hundred and fifty years ago, a Scottish moral philosopher can still be relevant currently in 2016. Why is because of the questions that he asked in his two books above some of which have been through different editions like The Theory of Moral Sentiments. The author of this book Russ Roberts had not even read the book the Theory of Moral Sentiments until his friend Dan Klein at George Mason University suggested him to interview him about it on one of his weekly podcast, EconTalk (Roberts, p.2-3). The first chapter the author is preparing you for what to expect and what Adam smith is like with his sense of writing. I did not what to expect when I started reading this but, Roberts giving you a brief insight into Smith’s life and more importantly his death. No journal or diary survived Smith’s death which surprised me for what type of impact he had back in the 1700s until now (Roberts, p.7). The author lets you know what is upcoming in the next few chapters and is not giving you too much information too soon. Even though, Adam Smith is the father of economics this book is not exactly about that. These concepts in this book to apply to anyone of any major, any demographic, any race, or any place in your life. Lastly, the last part that at the end of chapterShow MoreRelatedA Textual Analysis of the Adam Smith Problem1353 Words   |  6 Pagesour self-interest – that contradict each other. Through careful examination of Smith’s explanations, however, th ese two apparently separate forces that drive human behavior become not only interwoven, but symbiotic. In his first work, Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith seems to argue that sympathy is the guiding force that produces most human behavior. He writes that it is human nature to be concerned with both the wellbeing and misfortunes of others, and that this concern for others is felt soRead MoreThe Theory Of Moral Sentiments By Adam Smith1184 Words   |  5 Pagesand moral philosophy, but also in charge of school administration, until 1764 to leave.In 1759, the publication of the theory of moral sentiments, obtain high academic evaluation.In 1768, began writing the study on the nature and causes of the wealth of nations, referred to as the wealth of nations . Smith in heaven had not happy, people worship him, talking to him, but do not understand the essence of his thought, just use one of his ideas for their own services. The wealth of nations, summedRead MoreAdam Smith : The Father Of Modern Trade And The Free Market1258 Words   |  6 PagesInquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, a masterwork of political and economic analysis published in 1776. The general thesis of Smith’s argument is that it is in the best interest of countries to manufacture or maintain a â€Å"perfect liberty† in their economies, raising worthwhile questions of what this notion of liberty entails, and where it originates. To understand Adam Smith, one must first understand the underlying logic his theories are premised on. Smith subscribes to theRead MoreThe Father of Classical Political Economy, Adam Smith, Believed People Are Driven by Morality1499 Words   |  6 Pageshad one son, Hugh, a sickly child, who seems to have worked in the customs a Kirkcaldy until his death in 1750. (Phillipson, 2010: 9-11) Lilias Smith died sometime between 1716-1718. Smith remarried again in 1720, and once again married into wealth. His second wife was Margaret Douglas, the daughter of a substantial and well-connected Fife laird who had sat in the old Parliament. Again it was a short marriage. Smith senior died in January 1723, six months before the birth of his secondRead MoreAdam Smith s Theory Of Moral Sentiments1617 Words   |  7 PagesOver the past centuries, Adam Smith ideas on morality and economics have given rise to various controversies and debates. Many moral and economic philosophers have bee n arguing on this topic whilst most neglected the important part of Smith’s ideas on natural liberty. As an Enlightenment thinker, Adam Smith was interested in finding out the natural laws of economics just like Newton’s successful achievement in finding out the universal law behind nature. In addition, he was also interested in investigatingRead More The Wealth of Nations Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pages In 1759 Adam Smith, then a thirty-six year old Professor of Moral Philosophy at Glasgow University, published his Theory of Moral Sentiments. This work attracted the attention of the guardians of the immensely wealthy Duke of Buccleuch towards retaining its author as a tutor to the youthful Duke whilst on a protracted, and hopefully educational, quot;Grand Tourquot; of continental Europe. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;While tutoring from 1763 Adam Smith found some of the time spent in the FrenchRead More Adam Smith Essay820 Words   |  4 Pageseven oblivious, but I rather like to think of it as frequent states of profound thought. The man I refer to is Adam Smith and after having read the assigned excerpts and a few other passages from his The Theory of Moral Sentiments and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations I not only hold him in a new light, but I have arrived at three heavily debated conclusions. First, he believed that self-interest is the singular motivation that effectively leads to public prosperity. SecondRead MoreMoral Sentiments, By Adam Smith997 Words   |  4 Pagess well as abroad (Mastin, 2008). In Theory of Moral Sentiments, Adam Smith developed the foundation for a general system of morals. It showed that the moral ideas and action are the basic elements since human is social creatures. It identified that moral is the basic need as social using it to interact and express their feelings. It also stated that the society nee d the prudence and justice to survive, and explains the additional, beneficent, and actions that enable it to flourish. It was a veryRead MoreAdam Smith Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesGlasgow when he was fourteen and studied moral philosophy under Francis Hutcheson.[7] Here he developed his passion for liberty, reason, and free speech. In 1740, Smith was awarded the Snell exhibition and left the University of Glasgow to attend Balliol College, Oxford.[8] Smith considered the teaching at Glasgow to be far superior to that at Oxford, and found his Oxford experience intellectually stifling.[9] In Book V, Chapter II of The Wealth of Nations, Smith wrote: In the University of OxfordRead MoreThe Invisible Hand By Adam Smith1897 Words   |  8 PagesRichard Cantillon who developed both economic applications in his model of the isolated estate. He first introduced the concept in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, written in 1759, invoking it in reference to income distribution. In this work, however, the idea of the market is not discussed, and the word capitalism is never used. By the time he wrote The Wealth of Nations in 1776, Smith had studied the economic models of the French Physiocrats for many years, and in this work the invisible hand is more

Macbeth is responsible for his own downfall Essay Example For Students

Macbeth is responsible for his own downfall Essay There are many factors, which can be taken into account when deciding to what extent Macbeth was responsible for his own downfall. Macbeth was affected by three categories of influence, which were: the witches, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Throughout the tragedy, the three categories evolved in different ways, effecting Macbeth and bringing various consequences to his life. For example, the appearance of witches in Act 1 made Macbeth come back to them in Act 4 in order to find out his future; and King Duncans murder caused Macbeth guilty conscience immediately after he committed the murder. The audience experience various feelings throughout the play. The witches, who are to have a profound influence over events in the play, meet in foul whether, and speak of thunder, lightning, fog, and filthy air. The audience associate that with evil and that introduces Macbeth as a dark and dangerous play. There is a hidden historical context in the play, as in Shakespearean times people and King James the first of England were all very much fascinated with witchcraft as they believed in their powers and were afraid of them. This is why Shakespeare decided to include them in this play. In Shakespearean times, only men acted in theatres, so therefore they played both men and women. As men played witches it made them look like ugly women, and that confirms the stereotype of witches being ugly women. In Act 1, scene 1 the witches say a certain phrase: Fair is foul and foul is fair and it suggests that evil is the theme of the play. These words are quite confusing because they contradict each other, is that what the play is about? Later on the audience hears Macbeth say his first lines, which are those exact same words So foul and fair a day I have not seen- Act 1, scene 3. The witchs words are in Macbeths mouth, does that mean that the audience are to associate him with the witches and their evil. These words introduce the idea of the play being the reality but also an illusion. Not everything is as it seems. The audience come across a very important question at this stage: Is Macbeth in control of his own destiny? There was a symbol in the play, which was a number number three. There were three witches and they gave Macbeth the three cautions to look out for further in the play: beware Macduff p. 4, line 71, beware of the power of a man for none of woman born p. 55, line 80, and everything will be alright until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against p. 55, line 93. Their dance when they hear Macbeths drum, is made up of steps in groups of three- a magical and a symbolic number. Before the witches tell Macbeth the future, there is a dramatic irony in the play, because the audience already know that King Duncan made Macbeth Thane of Cawdor. At this point, the audience know far more than the characters do. Nevertheless in the middle of scene 3 in Act 1, Macbeth does find out his future from the three witches and he comes to a stage at which he does not know what to do next: to leave it and get on with his life or do something about the situation. However, Macbeth acts on his own impulse: Come what come may, time and the hour runs through the roughest day. Act 1, scene 3, line 147. Witches do not ever attempt to persuade Macbeth into doing anything. When they disappear, he looked for them, as he wanted to find out more stay you imperfect speakers, tell me more. Act 1, scene 3, line 70. The witches only appear once more in the play in Act 4, scene 1, but they are always present in Macbeths mind, and their words will always be in his thoughts, they make him believe his greatest prize in near. The witches have chosen the precise moment to approach Macbeth when he was full of triumph after the battle. Macbeth fell under their spell; however, their spell is nowhere near the same as the spell Lady Macbeth did in Act 1, scene 5, in order to become more confident and reassure herself: Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts Lady Macbeth is a very complicated character. At the very beginning of the play, she dominates Macbeth in her relationship with him. To the audience she is everything Macbeth is not. At first she appears strong: Glamis thou art, and Cawdor; and shalt be what thou art promisd. Act 1, scene 5. She knows that she will have to urge Macbeth on to become king. The context here is theological and philosophical. Immediately after she receives the letter from him telling her about his success, she becomes obsessed with the news and immediately hatches a plan. She is determined for him to become more than he is destined to be. Yet do I fear thy nature; it is too full o the milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way. After she reads the letter, her speech is full of evil and darkness: Act 1, scene 5 Thou wouldst be great, art not without the illness should attend it. By illness, Lady Macbeth means evil that must accompany ambition, but her metaphor seems appropriate: Macbeth catches evil, as if it was a disease. . In all respects though, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are very much in love and she is his dearest partner of greatness. Furthermore, the audience lose their impression of Lady Macbeth being strong. There are two factors, which give away her insecurity and weakness. The first one was when in Act 1, scene 5; she started doing a kind of spell: make and it lines 42-6, in order to block up pathways by which remorse can reach her heart, so that no natural feelings of conscience could make her hesitate in her future plans. At this point she wanted to stop being a woman Unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty she said Come to my womans breasts, and take my milk for gal. How does Shakespeare create and use comedy in the play Twelfth Night EssayShakespeare created Macbeth who was born with both good and evil inside him. Macbeth as well as everybody else had that evil in him, before he was promoted to be Thane of Cawdor and the witches could only have so much power over Macbeth if he already had these thoughts of evil in his mind. So the major question is what is Macbeths level of evil? Macbeth started as a good and loyal soldier and even though he was a brutal man who killed without mercy, he killed for his king and that was acceptable. He admired King Duncan: Act 1, scene 4: The service and the loyalty we owe, in doing it, pays itself. Your highness part is to receive our duties. Moreover, King Duncan was a good king: He was a gentleman to whom I built an absolute trust. This is why when he murders him he regrets it a lot and starts backing off as he is afraid he will be punished: Act 2, scene 2: This is a sorry sight. Macbeth also fears God, because in Shakespearean times people believed that king was chosen by God: Act 2, scene 2: One cried God bless us! and Amen the other, as they had seen me with these hangmans hands. Listening their fear, I could not say Amen, when they did say God bless us! Lady Macbeth tries to persuade Macbeth that the situation is not as bad as it seems and that he did the right thing but Macbeth is conscious of guilt throughout the play, right to the very end: Act 2, scene 2: Consider it not so deeply. As Macbeth becomes the king, he turns into a cruel and an unjust ruler. As it is his first break from Lady Macbeths power, it becomes a liberating experience for him. They are no longer a team as he takes over the planning of any further actions from Lady Macbeth, while she looses control and goes mad because feels she is just as responsible for the death of king Duncan as Macbeth is. This drives her mad and in the end, she commits suicide because she is no longer able to deal with the consequences physically, or mentally. This proves to the audience how weak she really was. When Macbeth found out about his wifes death, he almost appeared as cold as she was. Macbeth became much more self-censored because he became aware that there is no possible cure from this disease his guilty conscience. He also becomes aware that people start suspecting him for the sudden outbreak of murders of people, who were close to him, king Duncan, Banquo, and Macduff, only his family so far. When the consequences of the murders of Duncan and Banquo are too much to handle for Macbeth, his instinct is to go back to the witches: Act 4, scene 1: How now, you secret, black, and midnight hags! What is t you do? They become his only hope. It is an admission that he cannot control things any longer and from this point in the play, the audience know that Macbeth is going to die. By the end of the play, Macbeth has turned into a completely different person. Has Shakespeare turned him into what he became? When comparing Macbeth as a King, to King Duncan, he was a much worse King then Duncan. He treated his servants and guards with nothing but disrespect: Act 5, scene 3: The devil damn thee black, thou cream-facd loon! Where gottst thou that goose look? This is because his character is in pain and he utterly hates his life and this proves his massive insecurities. It is just that he is not strong enough to go back or go on with his life. Macbeths situation may be looked at as an external metaphor of a train. In the beginning, Macbeth is on a train and he has every opportunity to get off. Soon the train starts moving and Macbeth realises that he is on the wrong train and he can still get off, yet he does not. As the train begins to gain speed, he does not attempt to get off and he is certainly incapable of going back. In all respects, the answer is obvious Macbeth is clearly to blame for his own downfall. However, it must be considered that it is easy for the audience to form the opinion of Macbeth being an evil man, however Macbeth was inherently good. He was essentially a good man who was attempted to do evil. In all respects, he still is a good man because he had guilty conscience; an evil man would have no recall of any guilty conscience. Shakespeares intensions in this tragedy were to explain to people what complex creatures we really are, and what complex relationships we may occur in and what situations we may find ourselves in. The play itself is full of complexities and contradictions to which the audience may refer, no matter what time it is. This is what makes Macbeth a classic. Another one of Shakespeares intensions was to show what is good and what is evil. Sometimes in order to show something, the completely opposite must be shown, as that has a better effect. This is what Shakespeare did. It is difficult to understand though, to what extent Lady Macbeth is present in the whole understanding of evil. Throughout the play, does Shakespeare want the audience to refer to Lady Macbeth as a good or an evil character? He showed us true evil that was both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, in order to make us realise what good must be. Nevertheless, whether it is a live performance, a written play, or a novel, the authors success will always be hidden in his intensions and the way in which he communicates with his audience.

Totem Response Essay Example

Totem Response Paper Many stories written by Thomas King have a strong sense of sarcasm and satire worked into the story. This is clearly evidenced in Totem where Thomas King subtly pokes fun at the way the Canadian Government treated Aboriginal people. To understand the deeper meaning of the story, the reader must have a basic knowledge of Canadian history. The way the Canadian Government and European settlers treated the Aboriginal people is often viewed as one of the most horrific and unjust acts in Canadian if not the entire worlds history. The story begins with an impatient, Beebe Hill, waiting at the reception desk to file a formal complaint: she thought other people Were too polite to complain about the noises the totem pole in the far corner of the room was making (119). Ms. Hill represents the population of the European settlers moving into the land and finding Aboriginal people living there. Walter, the head of the museum decides to kick for a quick, easy and emperors fix; his plan is to chop the totem pole down with a chainsaw and move it down to the basement. However to the surprise of Walter and his workers, There is a totem pole in the corner, and its grunting. (121 Another totem pole appeared and it was making even more noise. Walter continued with his easy fix of cutting the totem poles down until he did not have any more room in the basement to store them. We will write a custom essay sample on Totem Response specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Totem Response specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Totem Response specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thomas King is cleverly sing satire here to point out how ridiculous of a solution, moving Aboriginals to somewhere where we wont run into them truly is. In the end both Walter and the Canadian Government remained mildly annoyed (122) but decided to live with the problem. Kings incorporation of symbolism amongst the characters, each representing their own piece of Canadian history, allows the satire to reveal just how absurd the Canadian Governments treatment of the Aboriginals truly was.